Since the 1960s, the Basel School of Design and its students have been influencing the international graphic design world. In the past few years, the old model of modernist design education has been renewed within the Swiss university system. Today, they combine the Basel School of Design's traditions of artistry, experimentation, and process-orientation with advanced research in imagery, media, and technology, aiming to establish a new banner for Swiss design. As early as the beginning of the 20th century, Basel in Switzerland was a hub for painters and graphic designers, such as Burkhard Mangold, Niklaus Stockli, and Paul Kammuller. In the mid-20th century, designers like Theo Ballmer, Emil Ruder, and Armin Hofmann pioneered modernist graphic design education, with the goal of enabling students to use objective visual information while restraining personal artistic expression. Towards the end of the 20th century, teachers like Wolfgang Weingart used new wave typography for flattened visual expression, limiting the black-and-white, grid-based typography, or geometric shapes advocated by modernists.